| No.76 The Moscow Kremlin: the Taynitskaya Tower, the First and the Second Nameless Towers |
| No.76 The Moscow Kremlin: the Taynitskaya Tower, the First and the Second Nameless Towers |
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Type: Moscow Kremlin
Series: architecture
Country: Russia
Scale: 1:250
Quantity of sheets: 15 x A4
The instruction in English
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| THE TAYNITSKAYA TOWER of the Moscow Kremlin is the central tower of the southern wall of the Kremlin. It was erected in 1485 by Anton Friazin on the place of the Cheshkovy (or Chushkovy) Gates of the fortress of the time of Dmitriy Donskoy. From it the construction of new fortifications of the end of the 15-th century began. The Taynitskaya Tower was the most important in the defense system of the river side of the Kremlin. In the 17-th century the fire-prevention function was assigned to it. Until 1647 there was a striking clock on the tower. In 1670-1680 above the massive four-sided construction of the tower the hipped roof was erected. In 1770-1771, in connection with the plans of building of the Kremlin Palace the Taynitskaya Tower was demolished and in 1783 it was reconstructed, this time - without the loophole. In 1812 it suffered from explosions and in 1816-1818 it was reconstructed again. In 1862 the loophole was reconstructed stylized in the forms of the 17th century. In 1930-1933 the tower was restored, at that the loophole was disassembled again, the well was filled up and the thoroughfare gates were blocked from outside. The height of the Taynitskaya Tower is 38,4 m.
THE FIRST NAMELESS TOWER. It is one of the row square towers of the southern wall. It was built in the 1480-ies, to the east from the Taynitskaya Tower. In the end of the 15-16th centuries the powder was kept there. In 1547, during the terrible fire in Moscow, it suffered from the explosion of the powder. In 1770-1771 the First Nameless Tower together with the Taynitskaya Tower was demolished. By 1776-1783 the tower and the wall between it and the Second Nameless Tower were constructed again, perhaps, with some deviation from the original position. In 1812 it was blown up by the French, in 1816-1835 it was restored under the supervision of O.I. Bove. There are two tiers of arched premises in the tower. The lower premise is formed by the cross vault, the upper one - by the domical vault. The second four-sided construction is opened into the plane of the hipped roof. The height of the tower is 34,15m.
THE SECOND NAMELESS Tower is the intermediate tower of the southern wall of the Kremlin. It was erected in the 1480-ies between the First Nameless and the Petrovskaya Towers. In the 1680-ies its massive four-sided construction was built on with the four-sided hipped roof crowned with the observation tower with the eight-sided hipped roof and the weather vane. In 1771, in connection with the building of the Kremlin Palace it was demolished, and then restored. There two tiers of arched premises inside the tower. The lower tier is overlapped with the cylindrical vault, the upper one - with the domical vault with the strikings. The upper four-sided construction is opened into the plane of the hipped roof. The height of the tower is 30,2 m.
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